Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone by george wheeler. The results highlighted that the solvent can alter the consolidation efficacy of a sol because quite different increments on the stone initial resistance were obtained by simple changing the. Conventional consolidants alkoxysilanes, synthetic or natural polymers lack physicochemical compatibility or effectiveness, and can promote degradation. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone wheeler 2005, analysis of modern paints learner 2004, effects of light on materials in collections schaeffer 2001. We propose for the first time nanocomposites for the surface consolidation of adobe, i. Alkoxysilanebased formulations have undoubtedly been the most widely used materials for the consolidation of stone. Alkoxysilanebased formulations have since become the material of choice for the consolidation of stone outdoors. Inorganic materials and some organic polymers have a tendency to form shallow, brittle layers near the surfaces of stone. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone research in. The conference will be a gathering of conservators, conservation and other scientists, and students of conservation to present and discuss the theory and practical use of gels in various branches of conservation paintings, paper, wall paintings, textiles, museum. Products based on alkoxysilanes have been popular choices as stone consolidants, being especially attractive to treat siliceous stones.
Consolidation of weathered stone elements constitutes one of the most critical actions in the conservation field. Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the library of congress catalog. Consolidation of porous carbonate stones by an innovative. In this article, we present an overview of our current research centred on producing crackfree solgel materials. The solgel process has been found to be successful in applications for the conservation and restoration of stone. Alkoxysilanebased formulations have since become the material of choice.
Conservation of historic stone buildings and monuments. The main function of stone consolidants is to reestablish the cohesion between particles of deteriorated stone. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone wheeler 2005, analysis of modern paints learner 2004, effects of light on materials in collections schaeffer 2001, inert gases in the control of museum insect pests selwitz and. The chemistry of physics of alkoxysilanes and their gels essential ingredients addition of water catalysis gelation, syneresis, and ripening drying the influence of stone type mineral composition the clay problem. Alkoxysilanebased sols for consolidation of carbonate. For preservation of stones used in cultural heritage, affected by weathering processes that threaten their cohesion and mechanical properties, the application of consolidants is a common practice. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone, published by. Read download gels in the conservation of art pdf pdf. Stone is one of the oldest building materials, and its conservation ranks as one of the major challenges of the field. The need of a thoughtful methodology to support the development of new consolidation products based in alkoxysilanes arises from the solgel processes complexity, from the demanding requirements of consolidation treatments in valuable stone objects, as well as from the specificities of porous carbonate stones. Studies on polymeric conservation treatments of ceramic.
Hydroxylating conversion treatment and alkoxysilane coupling agent as pretreatment for the consolidation of limestones with ethyl silicate. Proceedings of the international symposium on stone consolidation in cultural heritage research and practice. Alkoxysilanes, lowviscosity monomers capable of polymerizing into the porous network of stone by a solgel process, are widely used as consolidants in the restoration of stone monuments. B72 acrylic resinmethyltrimethoxysilane ymtmos mixtures are frequently employed as consolidants for deteriorated limestones, sandstones and marbles the addition of b72 to mtmos imparts adhesive properties to the consolidant but it is not known to what degree the b72 affects the reactions which mtmos must undergo to form a solid polymer network. However, a wellknown drawback of the materials obtained by this process is their tendency to crack during drying inside the pores of the treated stone. The low viscosity makes it easy for alkoxysilanes to penetrate the stone pores to achieve the consolidation of the stone.
Some of the worlds oldest artifacts are made of stone. The efficacy of stone consolidants based on alkoxysilanes. These treated layers often separate from the untreated stone. Ethyl silicate teos is nowadays the most widely used consolidant for stone, due to its efficacy on silicate stones and also on limestones containing small amounts of quartz. However, since consolidation is a nonreversible application capable of causing serious harmful side effects to the original material, stone consolidation is almost always.
Table of contents for alkoxysilanes and the consolidation. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone author. International course on stone conservation sc session. Because of an increasingworldwideinterest in preserving historicstructures andan apparentacceleration inthe rate of stone decay. Publication date 1992 topics penn theses, historic preservation collection. Abstract stone consolidation has raised the interest of scientists and conservatorrestorers since long ago, and, among the treatments applied to stone elements, it.
The use of alkoxysilanes in the conservation of stone can be traced as far back as 1861, when a. Alkoxysilanebased formulations have since become the. Alkoxysilanes have a long history of testing and use for the consolidation of stone beginning in 1861. The effect of the pretreatment with the functional alkoxysilanes was compared with teos based solution including the commercial products such as wacker oh 100. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. However, available consolidating products generally exhibit some drawbacks that hinder their performance, in terms of either mechanical efficacy, compatibility. Sinceethyl silicate has been applied to the consolidation of adobe with satisfactory results. Full text of alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and. New nanomaterials for protecting and consolidating stone. Other consolidants, namely alkoxysilanes, acrylic and epoxy resins, have been widely used in stone conservation and multiple references on them can be found in the specialised bibliography. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone ebook, 2005.
Stone tools were discovered at olduvai gorge, tanzania that are believed to be 1. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone book, 2005. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Full text of alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building materials see other formats. The papers in this publication will be talks at the 3 day gels in conservation conference held by iap in association with tate.
Table of contents for alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone george wheeler. Alkoxysilanes have, in fact, a long history in stone conservation. Commercial alkoxysilanebased consolidants are typically composed of tetraethoxysilane teos. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone getty. Alkoxysilanes consolidation of stone and earthen building. Alkoxysilanes and the consolidation of stone george. Alkoxysilanebased formulations have undoubtedly been the most widely used materials for the consolidation of stone outdoors, mainly due to their ability. Hybrid nanocomposites for the consolidation of earthen.
7 1191 1071 1017 42 353 1085 1266 645 1074 1311 1049 924 59 451 596 1415 1468 439 651 242 1058 691 461 1428 360 579 1555 124 65 1339 894 657 412 478 311 133 720 140 1451 860 517 477 338